Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003
Philippe Ciais
(1, 2)
,
P. Reichstein
(3, 4)
,
Nicolas Viovy
(1, 5)
,
A. Granier
(6)
,
Jérôme Ogée
(7)
,
Vincent Allard
(8)
,
M. Aubinet
(9)
,
N. Buchmann
(10)
,
C. Bernhofer
(11)
,
A. Carrara
(12)
,
F. Chevallier
(1, 13)
,
N. de Noblet
(1, 14)
,
A. Friend
(1)
,
Pierre Friedlingstein
(1)
,
T. Grünwald
(11, 15)
,
B. Heinesch
(9)
,
P. Keronen
(16)
,
A. Knohl
(15, 17)
,
G. Krinner
(18)
,
Denis Loustau
(7)
,
G. Manca
(3, 19)
,
G. Matteucci
(19, 20)
,
F. Miglietta
(21)
,
J.M. Ourcival
(22)
,
D. Papale
(3)
,
K. Pilegaard
(23)
,
S. Rambal
(22)
,
G. Seufert
(20)
,
J.F. Soussana
(8)
,
M. J. Sanz
(12)
,
E.D. Schulze
(15)
,
T. Vesala
(16)
,
R. Valentini
(3)
1
LSCE -
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
2 ICOS-ATC - ICOS-ATC
3 Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo]
4 PIK - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
5 MOSAIC - Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales
6 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière
7 EPHYSE - Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement
8 URAC - Unité de recherche Agronomie de Clermont
9 Institute of Plant Sciences
10 Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques
11 Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology [Dresden]
12 Foundation CEAM
13 SATINV - Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires
14 ESTIMR - Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation
15 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
16 Department of Physical Sciences [Helsinki]
17 ESPM - Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley]
18 LGGE - Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement
19 CNR-ISAFOM
20 IES - JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability
21 IBIMET - Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze]
22 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
23 Biosystems Division [Roskilde]
2 ICOS-ATC - ICOS-ATC
3 Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo]
4 PIK - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
5 MOSAIC - Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales
6 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière
7 EPHYSE - Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement
8 URAC - Unité de recherche Agronomie de Clermont
9 Institute of Plant Sciences
10 Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques
11 Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology [Dresden]
12 Foundation CEAM
13 SATINV - Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires
14 ESTIMR - Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation
15 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
16 Department of Physical Sciences [Helsinki]
17 ESPM - Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley]
18 LGGE - Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement
19 CNR-ISAFOM
20 IES - JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability
21 IBIMET - Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze]
22 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
23 Biosystems Division [Roskilde]
Philippe Ciais
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 756308
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8560-4943
- IdRef : 092241700
Nicolas Viovy
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 758722
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9197-6417
- IdRef : 159358914
Jérôme Ogée
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 734842
- IdHAL : jerome-ogee
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3365-8584
- IdRef : 183431480
Vincent Allard
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 736241
- IdHAL : vincent-allard
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1949-9158
- IdRef : 076103161
Pierre Friedlingstein
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 750146
- IdHAL : pierre-friedlingstein
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3309-4739
G. Krinner
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 170087
- IdHAL : gerhard-krinner
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2959-5920
- IdRef : 097675865
Denis Loustau
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 747851
- IdHAL : denis-loustau
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3990-400X
S. Rambal
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1009906
- IdHAL : serge-rambal
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5869-8382
- IdRef : 119096633
Résumé
Future climate warming is expected to enhance plant growth in temperate ecosystems and to increase carbon sequestration. But although severe regional heatwaves may become more frequent in a changing climate their impact on terrestrial carbon cycling is unclear. Here we report measurements of ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes, remotely sensed radiation absorbed by plants, and country-level crop yields taken during the European heatwave in 2003.We use a terrestrial biosphere simulation model to assess continental-scale changes in primary productivity during 2003, and their consequences for the net carbon balance. We estimate a 30 per cent reduction in gross primary productivity over Europe, which resulted in a strong anomalous net source of carbon dioxide (0.5 Pg Cyr21) to the atmosphere and reversed the effect of four years of net ecosystem carbon sequestration. Our results suggest that productivity reduction in eastern and western Europe can be explained by rainfall deficit and extreme summer heat, respectively. We also find that ecosystem respiration decreased together with gross primary productivity, rather than accelerating with the temperature rise. Model results, corroborated by historical records of crop yields, suggest that such a reduction in Europe's primary productivity is unprecedented during the last century. An increase in future drought events could turn temperate ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high latitudes.