LOFAR MSSS: detection of a low-frequency radio transient in 400 h of monitoring of the North Celestial Pole
A. J. Stewart
(1)
,
R. P. Fender
(2)
,
J. W. Broderick
(2)
,
T. E. Hassall
(3)
,
T. Muñoz-Darias
(4)
,
A. Rowlinson
(5)
,
J. D. Swinbank
(6)
,
T. D. Staley
(7)
,
G. J. Molenaar
(6)
,
B. Scheers
(6)
,
T. L. Grobler
(8)
,
M. Pietka
(9)
,
G. Heald
(5)
,
J. P. Mckean
(5)
,
M. E. Bell
(10)
,
A. Bonafede
(11)
,
R. P. Breton
(3)
,
D. Carbone
(12)
,
Y. Cendes
(6)
,
A. O. Clarke
(3)
,
Stéphane Corbel
(13, 14)
,
F. De gasperin
(15)
,
J. Eislöffel
(16)
,
H. Falcke
(17, 5)
,
C. Ferrari
(18)
,
Jean-Mathias Griessmeier
(14, 19)
,
M. J. Hardcastle
(20)
,
V. Heesen
(4)
,
J. W. T. Hessels
(12)
,
A. Horneffer
(21)
,
M. Iacobelli
(22)
,
P. Jonker
(23)
,
A. Karastergiou
(9)
,
G. Kokotanekov
(6)
,
V. I. Kondratiev
(5)
,
M. Kuniyoshi
(21)
,
C. J. Law
(6)
,
J. Van leeuwen
(5)
,
S. Markoff
(6)
,
J. C. A. Miller-Jones
(24)
,
D. Mulcahy
(3)
,
E. Orru
(5)
,
M. Pandey-Pommier
(25)
,
L. Pratley
(26)
,
E. Rol
(6)
,
H. J. A. Röttgering
(22)
,
A. M. M. Scaife
(4)
,
A. Shulevski
(27)
,
C. A. Sobey
(21)
,
B. W. Stappers
(3)
,
C. Tasse
(28, 29)
,
A. J. Van der horst
(30)
,
S. Van velzen
(17)
,
R. J. Van weeren
(31)
,
R. A. M. J. Wijers
(6)
,
R. Wijnands
(6)
,
M. Wise
(6, 5)
,
P. Zarka
(32, 33, 14)
,
A. Alexov
(5)
,
J. Anderson
(34)
,
A. Asgekar
(5)
,
I. M. Avruch
(35)
,
M. J. Bentum
(5)
,
G. Bernardi
(36)
,
P. Best
(37)
,
F. Breitling
(38)
,
M. Brüggen
(11)
,
H. R. Butcher
(5)
,
B. Ciardi
(39)
,
J. E. Conway
(40)
,
A. Corstanje
(17)
,
E. De geus
(5)
,
A. Deller
(5)
,
S. Duscha
(5)
,
W. Frieswijk
(5)
,
M. A. Garrett
(22, 5)
,
A. W. Gunst
(5)
,
M. P. Van haarlem
(5)
,
M. Hoeft
(16)
,
J. Hörandel
(17)
,
E. Juette
(41)
,
G. Kuper
(5)
,
M. Loose
(5)
,
P. Maat
(5)
,
R. Mcfadden
(5)
,
D. Mckay-Bukowski
(42)
,
J. Moldon
(5, 43)
,
H. Munk
(5)
,
M. J. Norden
(5)
,
H. Paas
(44)
,
A. G. Polatidis
(5)
,
D. Schwarz
(45)
,
J. Sluman
(5)
,
O. Smirnov
(8)
,
M. Steinmetz
(46)
,
S. Thoudam
(17)
,
M. C. Toribio
(47)
,
R. Vermeulen
(5)
,
C. Vocks
(38)
,
S. J. Wijnholds
(5)
,
O. Wucknitz
(48)
,
S. Yatawatta
(5)
1
LASP -
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder]
2 University of Southampton
3 Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics
4 School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton]
5 ASTRON - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
6 AI PANNEKOEK - Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek
7 Oxford Astrophysics
8 Rhodes University, Grahamstown
9 Oxford Astrophysics
10 CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science
11 Jacobs University = Constructor University [Bremen]
12 UvA - University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] = Universiteit van Amsterdam
13 AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
14 USN - Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay
15 UHH - Universität Hamburg
16 TLS - Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
17 Radboud University [Nijmegen]
18 Département de Géologie
19 LPC2E - Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace
20 UH - University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield]
21 MPIFR - Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
22 Leiden Observatory [Leiden]
23 IMAPP - Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics
24 Curtin University
25 CRAL - Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon
26 Victoria University of Wellington
27 Kapteyn Astronomical Institute [Groningen]
28 SKA South Africa
29 GEPI - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation
30 GW - Department of Mathematics [George Washington University]
31 CfA - Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
32 OP - Observatoire de Paris - Site de Paris
33 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique
34 Institute for Mathematics Applied to Geoscience
35 SRON - SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
36 LPNHE - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
37 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
38 AIP - Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam
39 Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
40 Onsala Space Observatory, Dept. of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology
41 RUB - Ruhr University Bochum = Ruhr-Universität Bochum
42 University of Oulu
43 Departament d'Astronomia i Meteorologia [Barcelona]
44 Center for Information Technology CIT
45 Interactions Son Musique Mouvement
46 DSMZ - Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH / Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures
47 Finca El Encin
48 AlfA - Argelander-Institut für Astronomie
2 University of Southampton
3 Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics
4 School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton]
5 ASTRON - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
6 AI PANNEKOEK - Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek
7 Oxford Astrophysics
8 Rhodes University, Grahamstown
9 Oxford Astrophysics
10 CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science
11 Jacobs University = Constructor University [Bremen]
12 UvA - University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] = Universiteit van Amsterdam
13 AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
14 USN - Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay
15 UHH - Universität Hamburg
16 TLS - Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
17 Radboud University [Nijmegen]
18 Département de Géologie
19 LPC2E - Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace
20 UH - University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield]
21 MPIFR - Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
22 Leiden Observatory [Leiden]
23 IMAPP - Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics
24 Curtin University
25 CRAL - Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon
26 Victoria University of Wellington
27 Kapteyn Astronomical Institute [Groningen]
28 SKA South Africa
29 GEPI - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation
30 GW - Department of Mathematics [George Washington University]
31 CfA - Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
32 OP - Observatoire de Paris - Site de Paris
33 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique
34 Institute for Mathematics Applied to Geoscience
35 SRON - SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
36 LPNHE - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
37 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
38 AIP - Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam
39 Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
40 Onsala Space Observatory, Dept. of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology
41 RUB - Ruhr University Bochum = Ruhr-Universität Bochum
42 University of Oulu
43 Departament d'Astronomia i Meteorologia [Barcelona]
44 Center for Information Technology CIT
45 Interactions Son Musique Mouvement
46 DSMZ - Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH / Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures
47 Finca El Encin
48 AlfA - Argelander-Institut für Astronomie
A. Bonafede
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 766668
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5068-4581
J. Eislöffel
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 761407
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6496-0252
C. Ferrari
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 743106
- IdHAL : chiara-ferrari
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2917-9759
Jean-Mathias Griessmeier
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 737206
- IdHAL : jean-mathias-griessmeier
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3362-7996
- IdRef : 235780871
M. Iacobelli
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 774611
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9118-2097
M. Wise
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 757714
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6470-2285
P. Zarka
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 755767
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1672-9878
- IdRef : 034944648
G. Bernardi
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 755163
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0916-7443
Résumé
We present the results of a four-month campaign searching for low-frequency radio transients near the North Celestial Pole with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR), as part of the Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS). The data were recorded between 2011 December and 2012 April and comprised 2149 11-minute snapshots, each covering 175 deg^2. We have found one convincing candidate astrophysical transient, with a duration of a few minutes and a flux density at 60 MHz of 15-25 Jy. The transient does not repeat and has no obvious optical or high-energy counterpart, as a result of which its nature is unclear. The detection of this event implies a transient rate at 60 MHz of 3.9 (+14.7, -3.7) x 10^-4 day^-1 deg^-2, and a transient surface density of 1.5 x 10^-5 deg^-2, at a 7.9-Jy limiting flux density and ~10-minute time-scale. The campaign data were also searched for transients at a range of other time-scales, from 0.5 to 297 min, which allowed us to place a range of limits on transient rates at 60 MHz as a function of observation duration.
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