Dust mass distribution around comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko determined via parallax measurements using Rosetta's OSIRIS cameras
2 TUM - Technische Universität Munchen = Technical University Munich = Université Technique de Munich
3 ESTEC - European Space Research and Technology Centre
4 MPS - Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
5 OAPD - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
6 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei"
7 LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
8 ISSI - International Space Science Institute [Bern]
9 CAB - Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid]
10 CBK - Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences
11 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala]
12 Department of Astronomy [College Park]
13 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
14 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique
15 PLANETO - LATMOS
16 IFN - CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies
17 Department of Industrial Engineering [University of Padua]
18 UNITN - Università degli Studi di Trento = University of Trento
19 OAT - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
20 Operations Department (ESAC)
21 IAA-CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía = Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia
22 DLR Institut für Planetenforschung
23 SSI - Space Science Institute [Macau]
24 Institute of Space Science [Taiwan]
25 IGEP - Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig]
26 CISAS - Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo”
27 DEI - Department of Information Engineering [Padova]
28 ARC - NASA Ames Research Center
29 Physikalisches Institut [Bern]
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Résumé
The OSIRIS (optical, spectroscopic and infrared remote imaging system) instrument on board the ESA Rosetta spacecraft collected data of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko for over 2 yr. OSIRIS consists of two cameras, a Narrow Angle Camera and a Wide Angle Camera. For specific imaging sequences related to the observation of dust aggregates in 67P's coma, the two cameras were operating simultaneously. The two cameras are mounted 0.7 m apart from each other, as a result this baseline yields a parallax shift of the apparent particle trails on the analysed images directly proportional to their distance. Thanks to such shifts, the distance between observed dust aggregates and the spacecraft was determined. This method works for particles closer than 6000 m to the spacecraft and requires very few assumptions. We found over 250 particles in a suitable distance range with sizes of some centimetres, masses in the range of 10−6–102 kg and a mean velocity of about 2.4 m s−1 relative to the nucleus. Furthermore, the spectral slope was analysed showing a decrease in the median spectral slope of the particles with time. The further a particle is from the spacecraft the fainter is its signal. For this reason, this was counterbalanced by a debiasing. Moreover, the dust mass-loss rate of the nucleus could be computed as well as the Afρ of the comet around perihelion. The summed-up dust mass-loss rate for the mass bins 10−4–102 kg is almost 8300 kg s−1.
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