Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and Metrics Data of Global Surface Ozone Observations
Martin G. Schultz
(1)
,
Sabine Schröder
(1)
,
Olga Lyapina
(1)
,
Owen Cooper
(2)
,
Ian Galbally
(3)
,
Irina Petropavlovskikh
(4)
,
Erika von Schneidemesser
(5)
,
Hiroshi Tanimoto
(6)
,
Yasin Elshorbany
(7)
,
Ma Naja
(8)
,
Rodrigo Seguel
(9)
,
Ute Dauert
(10)
,
Paul Eckhardt
(11)
,
Stefan Feigenspahn
(10)
,
Ma Fiebig
(11)
,
Anne-Gunn Hjellbrekke
(11)
,
You-Deog Hong
(12)
,
Peter Christian Kjeld
(13)
,
Hiroshi Koide
(14)
,
Gary Lear
(15)
,
David Tarasick
(16)
,
Mikio Ueno
(14)
,
Ma Wallasch
(10)
,
Darrel Baumgardner
(17)
,
Ming-Tung Chuang
(18)
,
Robert Gillett
(3)
,
Meehye Lee
(19)
,
Suzie Molloy
(3)
,
Raeesa Moolla
(20)
,
Tao Wang
(21)
,
Katrina Sharps
(22)
,
Jose A. Adame
(23)
,
Gérard Ancellet
(24)
,
Francesco Apadula
(25)
,
Paul Artaxo
(26)
,
Ma Barlasina
(27)
,
Ma Bogucka
(28)
,
Paolo Bonasoni
(29)
,
Limseok Chang
(12)
,
Aurélie Colomb
(30)
,
Emilio Cuevas
(31)
,
Ma Cupeiro
(27)
,
Anna Degorska
(32)
,
Aijun Ding
(33)
,
Ma Fröhlich
(34)
,
Ma Frolova
(35)
,
Harish Gadhavi
(36)
,
François Gheusi
(37)
,
Stefan Gilge
(38)
,
Ma Gonzalez
(23)
,
Valérie Gros
(39, 40)
,
Samera H. Hamad
(41)
,
Detlev Helmig
(42)
,
Diamantino Henriques
(43)
,
Ove Hermansen
(44, 11)
,
Robert Holla
(45)
,
Jacques Huber
(42)
,
Ulas Im
(46)
,
Daniel A. Jaffe
(47)
,
Ninong Komala
(48)
,
Dagmar Kubistin
(49)
,
Ka-Se Lam
(21)
,
Tuomas Laurila
(50)
,
Haeyoung Lee
(51)
,
Ilan Levy
(52)
,
Claudio Mazzoleni
(53)
,
Lynn Mazzoleni
(53)
,
Audra Mcclure-Begley
(4)
,
Maznorizan Mohamad
(54)
,
Marijana Murovic
(55)
,
M. Navarro-Comas
(23)
,
Florin Nicodim
(56)
,
David Parrish
(4)
,
Katie A. Read
(57)
,
Nick Reid
(58)
,
Ludwig Ries
(45)
,
Pallavi Saxena
(59)
,
James J. Schwab
(60)
,
Yvonne Scorgie
(61)
,
Irina Senik
(62)
,
Peter Simmonds
(63)
,
Vinayak Sinha
(64)
,
Andrey Skorokhod
(62)
,
Gerard Spain
(65)
,
Wolfgang Spangl
(10)
,
Ronald Spoor
(66)
,
Stephen R. Springston
(67)
,
Kelvyn Steer
(68)
,
Martin Steinbacher
(69)
,
Eka Suharguniyawan
(70)
,
Paul Torre
(71)
,
Thomas Trickl
(72)
,
Lin Weili
(73)
,
Rolf Weller
(74)
,
Xiaobin Xu
(73)
,
Likun Xue
(75)
,
Ma Zhiqiang
(73)
1
IEK-8 -
Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre
2 CIRES - Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
3 CSIRO Climate Science Centre
4 ESRL - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
5 IASS - Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam]
6 NIES - National Institute for Environmental Studies
7 GSFC - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
8 ARIES - Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences
9 CENMA - Centro Nacional de Medio Ambiente
10 UBA - German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt
11 NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research
12 NIER - National Institute of Environmental Research [South Korea]
13 EEA - European Environmental Agency
14 JMA - Japan Meteorological Agency
15 OAR - Office of Air and Radiation
16 ECCC - Environment and Climate Change Canada
17 Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico]
18 NCU - National Central University [Taiwan]
19 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Korea]
20 GAES - School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies [Johannesburg]
21 CEE - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Hong Kong]
22 CEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor]
23 INTA - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
24 TROPO - LATMOS
25 RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico
26 IFUSP - Instituto de Fisica da Universidade de São Paulo
27 Servicio Meteorológico Nacional [Buenos Aires]
28 IMGW - PIB - Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute
29 ISAC - CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
30 LaMP - Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique
31 IARC - Izaña Atmospheric Research Center
32 IOS-PIB - Iinstitute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute
33 School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing]
34 Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria
35 LEGMC - Latvian Environment Geology and Meteorology Centre
36 NARL - National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupati]
37 CNRM - Centre national de recherches météorologiques
38 ZMMF - Zentrum für Medizin-Meteorologische Forschung
39 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
40 CAE - Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale
41 UMD School of Public Health
42 INSTAAR - Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder]
43 IMPA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere
44 NILU - Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning
45 MOHp - Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg
46 ENVS - Department of Environmental Science [Roskilde]
47 STEM - School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Bothell]
48 LAPAN - Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space
49 DWD - Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach]
50 FMI - Finnish Meteorological Institute
51 NIMS - National Institute of Meteorological Sciences
52 Air Quality and Climate Change Division [Jerusalem]
53 MTU - Michigan Technological University
54 MetMalaysia - Malaysian Meteorological Department
55 Slovenian Environment Agency
56 Administratia Nationala de Meteorologie
57 Department of Chemistry [York, UK]
58 Auckland Council
59 JNU - Jawaharlal Nehru University
60 ASRC - Atmospheric Sciences Research Center
61 New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage
62 IAP - A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics
63 School of Chemistry [Bristol]
64 IISER Mohali - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali
65 NUI Galway - National University of Ireland [Galway]
66 RIVM - National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven]
67 BNL - Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY]
68 EPA - South Australia Environment Protection Authority
69 EMPA - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Thun]
70 BMKG - Indonesian Meteorological, Climatologicall and Geophysical Agency
71 EPA - Environment Protection Authority Victoria
72 IMK-IFU - Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung
73 CMA - China Meteorological Administration
74 AWI - Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung = Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research = Institut Alfred-Wegener pour la recherche polaire et marine
75 Shandong University
2 CIRES - Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
3 CSIRO Climate Science Centre
4 ESRL - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
5 IASS - Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam]
6 NIES - National Institute for Environmental Studies
7 GSFC - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
8 ARIES - Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences
9 CENMA - Centro Nacional de Medio Ambiente
10 UBA - German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt
11 NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research
12 NIER - National Institute of Environmental Research [South Korea]
13 EEA - European Environmental Agency
14 JMA - Japan Meteorological Agency
15 OAR - Office of Air and Radiation
16 ECCC - Environment and Climate Change Canada
17 Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico]
18 NCU - National Central University [Taiwan]
19 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Korea]
20 GAES - School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies [Johannesburg]
21 CEE - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Hong Kong]
22 CEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor]
23 INTA - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
24 TROPO - LATMOS
25 RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico
26 IFUSP - Instituto de Fisica da Universidade de São Paulo
27 Servicio Meteorológico Nacional [Buenos Aires]
28 IMGW - PIB - Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute
29 ISAC - CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
30 LaMP - Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique
31 IARC - Izaña Atmospheric Research Center
32 IOS-PIB - Iinstitute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute
33 School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing]
34 Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria
35 LEGMC - Latvian Environment Geology and Meteorology Centre
36 NARL - National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupati]
37 CNRM - Centre national de recherches météorologiques
38 ZMMF - Zentrum für Medizin-Meteorologische Forschung
39 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
40 CAE - Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale
41 UMD School of Public Health
42 INSTAAR - Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder]
43 IMPA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere
44 NILU - Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning
45 MOHp - Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg
46 ENVS - Department of Environmental Science [Roskilde]
47 STEM - School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Bothell]
48 LAPAN - Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space
49 DWD - Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach]
50 FMI - Finnish Meteorological Institute
51 NIMS - National Institute of Meteorological Sciences
52 Air Quality and Climate Change Division [Jerusalem]
53 MTU - Michigan Technological University
54 MetMalaysia - Malaysian Meteorological Department
55 Slovenian Environment Agency
56 Administratia Nationala de Meteorologie
57 Department of Chemistry [York, UK]
58 Auckland Council
59 JNU - Jawaharlal Nehru University
60 ASRC - Atmospheric Sciences Research Center
61 New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage
62 IAP - A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics
63 School of Chemistry [Bristol]
64 IISER Mohali - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali
65 NUI Galway - National University of Ireland [Galway]
66 RIVM - National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven]
67 BNL - Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY]
68 EPA - South Australia Environment Protection Authority
69 EMPA - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Thun]
70 BMKG - Indonesian Meteorological, Climatologicall and Geophysical Agency
71 EPA - Environment Protection Authority Victoria
72 IMK-IFU - Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung
73 CMA - China Meteorological Administration
74 AWI - Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung = Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research = Institut Alfred-Wegener pour la recherche polaire et marine
75 Shandong University
Irina Petropavlovskikh
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0001-5352-1369
Erika von Schneidemesser
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0003-1386-285X
Hiroshi Tanimoto
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 777586
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5424-9923
Tao Wang
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 802259
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4765-9377
Gérard Ancellet
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 756434
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1542-6085
- IdRef : 081917821
Aurélie Colomb
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1220117
- IdHAL : aucolomb
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2595-3911
- IdRef : 072299959
Detlev Helmig
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 779450
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4831-9016
Ulas Im
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 784817
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5177-5306
Daniel A. Jaffe
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 947080
Peter Simmonds
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 784833
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7964-4700
Résumé
In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone data products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the TOAR analyses focusing on human health, vegetation, and climate relevant ozone issues, which are part of this special feature.Cooperation among many data centers and individual researchers worldwide made it possible to build the world's largest collection of in-situ hourly surface ozone data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. By combining the data from almost 10,000 measurement sites around the world with global metadata information, new analyses of surface ozone have become possible, such as the first globally consistent characterisations of measurement sites as either urban or rural/remote. Exploitation of these global metadata allows for new insights into the global distribution, and seasonal and long-term changes of tropospheric ozone and they enable TOAR to perform the first, globally consistent analysis of present-day ozone concentrations and recent ozone changes with relevance to health, agriculture, and climate.Considerable effort was made to harmonize and synthesize data formats and metadata information from various networks and individual data submissions. Extensive quality control was applied to identify questionable and erroneous data, including changes in apparent instrument offsets or calibrations. Such data were excluded from TOAR data products. Limitations of a posteriori data quality assurance are discussed. As a result of the work presented here, global coverage of surface ozone data for scientific analysis has been significantly extended. Yet, large gaps remain in the surface observation network both in terms of regions without monitoring, and in terms of regions that have monitoring programs but no public access to the data archive. Therefore future improvements to the database will require not only improved data harmonization, but also expanded data sharing and increased monitoring in data-sparse regions.
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