The DREAMS Experiment Onboard the Schiaparelli Module of the ExoMars 2016 Mission: Design, Performances and Expected Results
Francesca Esposito
(1)
,
Stefano Debei
(2)
,
C. Bettanini
(2)
,
C. Molfese
(1)
,
I. Arruego Rodríguez
(3)
,
G. Colombatti
(2)
,
A.-M. Harri
(4)
,
Franck Montmessin
(5)
,
C. Wilson
(6)
,
A. Aboudan
(2)
,
P. Schipani
(1)
,
L. Marty
(1)
,
F. J. Álvarez
(3)
,
V. Apestigue
(3)
,
G. Bellucci
(7)
,
Jean-Jacques Berthelier
(5)
,
J. R. Brucato
(8)
,
S. Calcutt
(6)
,
S. Chiodini
(2)
,
F. Cortecchia
(9)
,
F. Cozzolino
(1)
,
F. Cucciarrè
(2)
,
N. Deniskina
(1)
,
Grégoire Déprez
(5)
,
G. Di Achille
(10)
,
F. Ferri
(2)
,
François Forget
(11)
,
G. Franzese
(1, 12)
,
E. Friso
(2)
,
M. Genzer
(4)
,
Rafik Hassen-Khodja
(13)
,
H. Haukka
(4)
,
M. Hieta
(4)
,
J. J. Jimenez
(3)
,
J.-L. Josset
(14)
,
H. Kahanpää
(4)
,
Ö. Karatekin
(15)
,
G. Landis
(16)
,
Laurent Lapauw
(13)
,
R. Lorenz
(17)
,
J. Martinez-Oter
(3)
,
V. Mennella
(1)
,
D. Möhlmann
(18)
,
David Moirin
(13)
,
R. Molinaro
(1)
,
T. Nikkanen
(4)
,
E. Palomba
(7)
,
M. R. Patel
(19)
,
Jean-Pierre Pommereau
(20)
,
C. I. Popa
(1)
,
S. Rafkin
(21)
,
Pascal Rannou
(22)
,
N. O. Renno
(23)
,
J. Rivas
(3)
,
W. Schmidt
(4)
,
E. Segato
(2)
,
S. Silvestro
(1)
,
A. Spiga
(11)
,
D. Toledo
(24)
,
R. Trautner
(25)
,
F. Valero
(26)
,
Francis Vivat
(13)
,
O. Witasse
(25)
,
M. Yela
(3)
,
R. Mugnuolo
(27)
,
E. Marchetti
(27)
,
S. Pirrotta
(27)
1
OAC -
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
2 CISAS - Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo”
3 INTA - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
4 FMI - Finnish Meteorological Institute
5 PLANETO - LATMOS
6 University of Oxford
7 IAPS - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF
8 OAA - INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri
9 OABO - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna
10 Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo
11 LMD - Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539)
12 Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini"
13 LATMOS - Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales
14 SPACE - X - Space Exploration Institute [Neuchâtel]
15 ROB - Royal Observatory of Belgium = Observatoire Royal de Belgique
16 NASA Glenn Research Center
17 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
18 DLR Institut für Planetenforschung
19 OU - The Open University [Milton Keynes]
20 STRATO - LATMOS
21 SwRI - Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio]
22 GSMA - Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique
23 University of Michigan [Ann Arbor]
24 URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
25 ESTEC - European Space Research and Technology Centre
26 Departamento de Astrofisica y Ciencias de la Atmósfera
27 ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
2 CISAS - Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo”
3 INTA - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
4 FMI - Finnish Meteorological Institute
5 PLANETO - LATMOS
6 University of Oxford
7 IAPS - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF
8 OAA - INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri
9 OABO - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna
10 Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo
11 LMD - Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539)
12 Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini"
13 LATMOS - Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales
14 SPACE - X - Space Exploration Institute [Neuchâtel]
15 ROB - Royal Observatory of Belgium = Observatoire Royal de Belgique
16 NASA Glenn Research Center
17 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
18 DLR Institut für Planetenforschung
19 OU - The Open University [Milton Keynes]
20 STRATO - LATMOS
21 SwRI - Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio]
22 GSMA - Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique
23 University of Michigan [Ann Arbor]
24 URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
25 ESTEC - European Space Research and Technology Centre
26 Departamento de Astrofisica y Ciencias de la Atmósfera
27 ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
Francesca Esposito
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1035706
Franck Montmessin
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 174267
- IdHAL : franck-montmessin
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4187-1457
- IdRef : 092850618
François Forget
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 742798
- IdHAL : francoisforget
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3262-4366
- IdRef : 074163922
Rafik Hassen-Khodja
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 968372
Laurent Lapauw
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1035707
R. Lorenz
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 755315
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8528-4644
- IdRef : 069997713
M. R. Patel
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 764794
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8223-3566
Pascal Rannou
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 756051
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0836-723X
- IdRef : 16490817X
A. Spiga
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 20900
- IdHAL : aymeric-spiga
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6776-6268
- IdRef : 133298116
D. Toledo
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 982848
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0103-1891
- IdRef : 200107674
Francis Vivat
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 742973
- IdHAL : francis-vivat
- IdRef : 253130603
O. Witasse
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 992402
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3461-5604
- IdRef : 204034647
Résumé
The first of the two missions foreseen in the ExoMars program was successfully launched on 14th March 2016. It included the Trace Gas Orbiter and the Schiaparelli Entry descent and landing Demonstrator Module. Schiaparelli hosted the DREAMS instrument suite that was the only scientific payload designed to operate after the touchdown. DREAMS is a meteorological station with the capability of measuring the electric properties of the Martian atmosphere. It was a completely autonomous instrument, relying on its internal battery for the power supply. Even with low resources (mass, energy), DREAMS would be able to perform novel measurements on Mars (atmospheric electric field) and further our understanding of the Martian environment, including the dust cycle. DREAMS sensors were designed to operate in a very dusty environment, because the experiment was designed to operate on Mars during the dust storm season (October 2016 in Meridiani Planum). Unfortunately, the Schiaparelli module failed part of the descent and the landing and crashed onto the surface of Mars. Nevertheless, several seconds before the crash, the module central computer switched the DREAMS instrument on, and sent back housekeeping data indicating that the DREAMS sensors were performing nominally. This article describes the instrument in terms of scientific goals, design, working principle and performances, as well as the results of calibration and field tests. The spare model is mature and available to fly in a future mission.
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