New sedimentological and stratigraphical data on the Permian and Triassic in northeastern Utah, USA
Résumé
We present the Permian to Triassic sedimentological evolution in the Vernal area, northeastern Utah, to
determine: (1) the magnitude of the Permian-Triassic (P-T) unconformity, (2) the depositional environments
above the unconformity, as well as (3) their evolution in space and time. Within this area, Permian deposits
consists of the Weber Sandstone, which represents aeolian deposits, overlain by the Park City Formation,
composed of silty and sandy marine limestones, dolomites and phosphatic shales. In some places, an
unconformity is observed at the top of the Weber Sandstone, which is directly overlain by the Moenkopi
Group. This formation is mostly composed of siltstone, with gypsiferous levels and ripple marks, deposited
in nearshore continental to marine environments. Within the studied area, this formation is assumed to be
Early Triassic. A second unconformity at the base of the Chinle Group truncates the Moenkopi Group. The
base of the Chinle Group is characterized by the Gartra Formation composed of coarse-grained and conglomeratic
sandstones that are stream and river deposits overlain by red beds that are stream (primarily
floodplain) and lake deposits.
The P-T succession in northeastern Utah encompasses a profound unconformity and is not a complete
succession that could be used to analyze P-T boundary extinctions. Detailed sedimentological analyses allow
the characterization of the depositional environments across the P-T unconformity. The upper Permian
deposits preserved below the unconformity show erosion or non-deposition in the Vernal area. Above the
unconformity, sandstone facies including coiled and uncoiled nautiloids, as well as stromatolite mounds,
which suggest an open marine environment and attributed to the Permian based on its faunal content. These
marine deposits are abruptly overlain, above a breccia surface, by more classical Moenkopi facies attributed
here to delta and turbidite facies overlain by sabkha deposits with gypsum and microbialites. The unconformity
above the Moenkopi Group is overlain by either fluvial deposits of the Gartra Formation or red bed
facies of the Chinle Group. This study also helps to define the relationships between the Gartra Formation,
the red beds and the paleosols within the Petrified Forest Formation of the Chinle Group.