The European Solar Telescope - INSU - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers
Journal Articles Astronomy and Astrophysics - A&A Year : 2022

The European Solar Telescope

C. Quintero Noda , R. Schlichenmaier , L. R. Bellot Rubio , M. G. Löfdahl , E. Khomenko , J. Jurčák , J. Leenaarts , C. Kuckein , S. J. González Manrique , S. Gunár , C. J. Nelson , J. de la Cruz Rodríguez , K. Tziotziou , G. Tsiropoula , G. Aulanier (1) , J. Aboudarham (2) , D. Allegri , E. Alsina Ballester , J. P. Amans (3) , A. Asensio Ramos , F. J. Bailén , M. Balaguer , V. Baldini , H. Balthasar , T. Barata , K. Barczynski , M. Barreto Cabrera , A. Baur , C. Béchet , C. Beck , M. Belío-Asín , N. Bello-González , L. Belluzzi , R. D. Bentley , S. V. Berdyugina , D. Berghmans , A. Berlicki , F. Berrilli , T. Berkefeld , F. Bettonvil , M. Bianda , J. Bienes Pérez , S. Bonaque-González , R. Brajša , V. Bommier (2) , P. -A. Bourdin , J. Burgos Martín , D. Calchetti , A. Calcines , J. Calvo Tovar , R. J. Campbell , Y. Carballo-Martín , V. Carbone , E. S. Carlin , M. Carlsson , J. Castro López , L. Cavaller , F. Cavallini , G. Cauzzi , M. Cecconi , H. M. Chulani , R. Cirami , G. Consolini , I. Coretti , R. Cosentino , J. Cózar-Castellano , K. Dalmasse (4) , S. Danilovic , M. de Juan Ovelar , D. del Moro , T. del Pino Alemán , J. C. del Toro Iniesta , C. Denker , S. K. Dhara , P. Di Marcantonio , C. J. Díaz Baso , A. Diercke , E. Dineva , J. J. Díaz-García , H. -P. Doerr , G. Doyle , R. Erdelyi , I. Ermolli , A. Escobar Rodríguez , S. Esteban Pozuelo , M. Faurobert (5) , T. Felipe , A. Feller , N. Feijoo Amoedo , B. Femenía Castellá , J. Fernandes , I. Ferro Rodríguez , I. Figueroa , L. Fletcher , A. Franco Ordovas , R. Gafeira , R. Gardenghi , B. Gelly , F. Giorgi , D. Gisler , L. Giovannelli , F. González , J. B. González , J. M. González-Cava , M. González García , P. Gömöry , F. Gracia , B. Grauf , V. Greco , C. Grivel , N. Guerreiro , S. L. Guglielmino , R. Hammerschlag , A. Hanslmeier , V. Hansteen , P. Heinzel , A. Hernández-Delgado , E. Hernández Suárez , S. L. Hidalgo , F. Hill , J. Hizberger , S. Hofmeister , A. Jägers , G. Janett , R. Jarolim , D. Jess , D. Jiménez Mejías , L. Jolissaint , R. Kamlah , J. Kapitán , J. Kašparová , C. U. Keller , T. Kentischer , D. Kiselman , L. Kleint , M. Klvana , I. Kontogiannis , N. Krishnappa , A. Kučera , N. Labrosse , A. Lagg , E. Landi Degl'Innocenti , M. Langlois (6) , M. Lafon (4) , D. Laforgue , C. Le Men , B. Lepori , F. Lepreti , B. Lindberg , P. B. Lilje , A. López Ariste (4) , V. A. López Fernández , A. C. López Jiménez , R. López López , R. Manso Sainz , A. Marassi , J. Marco de la Rosa , J. Marino , J. Marrero , A. Martín , A. Martín Gálvez , Y. Martín Hernando , E. Masciadri , M. Martínez González , A. Matta-Gómez , A. Mato , M. Mathioudakis , S. Matthews , P. Mein (2) , F. Merlos García , J. Moity (2) , I. Montilla , M. Molinaro , G. Molodij , L. M. Montoya , M. Munari , M. Murabito , M. Núñez Cagigal , M. Oliviero , D. Orozco Suárez , A. Ortiz , C. Padilla-Hernández , E. Paéz Mañá , F. Paletou (4) , J. Pancorbo , A. Pastor Cañedo , A. Pastor Yabar , A. W. Peat , F. Pedichini , N. Peixinho , J. Peñate , A. Pérez de Taoro , H. Peter , K. Petrovay , R. Piazzesi , E. Pietropaolo , O. Pleier , S. Poedts , W. Pötzi , T. Podladchikova , G. Prieto , J. Quintero Nehrkorn , R. Ramelli , Y. Ramos Sapena , J. L. Rasilla , K. Reardon , R. Rebolo , S. Regalado Olivares , M. Reyes García-Talavera , T. L. Riethmüller , T. Rimmele , H. Rodríguez Delgado , N. Rodríguez González , J. A. Rodríguez-Losada , L. F. Rodríguez Ramos , P. Romano , M. Roth , L. Rouppe van der Voort , P. Rudawy , C. Ruiz de Galarreta , J. Rybák , A. Salvade , J. Sánchez-Capuchino , M. L. Sánchez Rodríguez , M. Sangiorgi , F. Sayède (3) , G. Scharmer , T. Scheiffelen , W. Schmidt , B. Schmieder (2) , C. Scirè , S. Scuderi , B. Siegel , M. Sigwarth , P. J. A. Simões , F. Snik , G. Sliepen , M. Sobotka , H. Socas-Navarro , P. Sola La Serna , S. K. Solanki , M. Soler Trujillo , D. Soltau , A. Sordini , A. Sosa Méndez , M. Stangalini , O. Steiner , J. O. Stenflo , J. Štěpán , K. G. Strassmeier , D. Sudar , Y. Suematsu , P. Sütterlin , M. Tallon (6) , M. Temmer , F. Tenegi , A. Tritschler , J. Trujillo Bueno , A. Turchi , D. Utz , G. van Harten , M. van Noort , T. van Werkhoven , R. Vansintjan , J. J. Vaz Cedillo , N. Vega Reyes , M. Verma , A. M. Veronig , G. Viavattene , N. Vitas , A. Vögler , O. von der Lühe , R. Volkmer , T. A. Waldmann , D. Walton , A. Wisniewska , J. Zeman , F. Zeuner , L. Q. Zhang , F. Zuccarello , M. Collados
C. Quintero Noda
  • Function : Author
R. Schlichenmaier
  • Function : Author
L. R. Bellot Rubio
  • Function : Author
M. G. Löfdahl
  • Function : Author
E. Khomenko
  • Function : Author
J. Jurčák
  • Function : Author
J. Leenaarts
  • Function : Author
C. Kuckein
  • Function : Author
S. J. González Manrique
  • Function : Author
S. Gunár
  • Function : Author
C. J. Nelson
  • Function : Author
J. de la Cruz Rodríguez
  • Function : Author
K. Tziotziou
  • Function : Author
G. Tsiropoula
  • Function : Author
D. Allegri
  • Function : Author
E. Alsina Ballester
  • Function : Author
A. Asensio Ramos
  • Function : Author
F. J. Bailén
  • Function : Author
M. Balaguer
  • Function : Author
V. Baldini
  • Function : Author
H. Balthasar
  • Function : Author
T. Barata
  • Function : Author
K. Barczynski
  • Function : Author
M. Barreto Cabrera
  • Function : Author
A. Baur
  • Function : Author
C. Béchet
  • Function : Author
C. Beck
  • Function : Author
M. Belío-Asín
  • Function : Author
N. Bello-González
  • Function : Author
L. Belluzzi
  • Function : Author
R. D. Bentley
  • Function : Author
S. V. Berdyugina
  • Function : Author
D. Berghmans
  • Function : Author
A. Berlicki
  • Function : Author
F. Berrilli
  • Function : Author
T. Berkefeld
  • Function : Author
F. Bettonvil
  • Function : Author
M. Bianda
  • Function : Author
J. Bienes Pérez
  • Function : Author
S. Bonaque-González
  • Function : Author
R. Brajša
  • Function : Author
P. -A. Bourdin
  • Function : Author
J. Burgos Martín
  • Function : Author
D. Calchetti
  • Function : Author
A. Calcines
  • Function : Author
J. Calvo Tovar
  • Function : Author
R. J. Campbell
  • Function : Author
Y. Carballo-Martín
  • Function : Author
V. Carbone
  • Function : Author
E. S. Carlin
  • Function : Author
M. Carlsson
  • Function : Author
J. Castro López
  • Function : Author
L. Cavaller
  • Function : Author
F. Cavallini
  • Function : Author
G. Cauzzi
  • Function : Author
M. Cecconi
  • Function : Author
H. M. Chulani
  • Function : Author
R. Cirami
  • Function : Author
G. Consolini
  • Function : Author
I. Coretti
  • Function : Author
R. Cosentino
  • Function : Author
J. Cózar-Castellano
  • Function : Author
S. Danilovic
  • Function : Author
M. de Juan Ovelar
  • Function : Author
D. del Moro
  • Function : Author
T. del Pino Alemán
  • Function : Author
J. C. del Toro Iniesta
  • Function : Author
C. Denker
  • Function : Author
S. K. Dhara
  • Function : Author
P. Di Marcantonio
  • Function : Author
C. J. Díaz Baso
  • Function : Author
A. Diercke
  • Function : Author
E. Dineva
  • Function : Author
J. J. Díaz-García
  • Function : Author
H. -P. Doerr
  • Function : Author
G. Doyle
  • Function : Author
R. Erdelyi
  • Function : Author
I. Ermolli
  • Function : Author
A. Escobar Rodríguez
  • Function : Author
S. Esteban Pozuelo
  • Function : Author
T. Felipe
  • Function : Author
A. Feller
  • Function : Author
N. Feijoo Amoedo
  • Function : Author
B. Femenía Castellá
  • Function : Author
J. Fernandes
  • Function : Author
I. Ferro Rodríguez
  • Function : Author
I. Figueroa
  • Function : Author
L. Fletcher
  • Function : Author
A. Franco Ordovas
  • Function : Author
R. Gafeira
  • Function : Author
R. Gardenghi
  • Function : Author
B. Gelly
  • Function : Author
F. Giorgi
  • Function : Author
D. Gisler
  • Function : Author
L. Giovannelli
  • Function : Author
F. González
  • Function : Author
J. B. González
  • Function : Author
J. M. González-Cava
  • Function : Author
M. González García
  • Function : Author
P. Gömöry
  • Function : Author
F. Gracia
  • Function : Author
B. Grauf
  • Function : Author
V. Greco
  • Function : Author
C. Grivel
  • Function : Author
N. Guerreiro
  • Function : Author
S. L. Guglielmino
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R. Hammerschlag
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A. Hanslmeier
  • Function : Author
V. Hansteen
  • Function : Author
P. Heinzel
  • Function : Author
A. Hernández-Delgado
  • Function : Author
E. Hernández Suárez
  • Function : Author
S. L. Hidalgo
  • Function : Author
F. Hill
  • Function : Author
J. Hizberger
  • Function : Author
S. Hofmeister
  • Function : Author
A. Jägers
  • Function : Author
G. Janett
  • Function : Author
R. Jarolim
  • Function : Author
D. Jess
  • Function : Author
D. Jiménez Mejías
  • Function : Author
L. Jolissaint
  • Function : Author
R. Kamlah
  • Function : Author
J. Kapitán
  • Function : Author
J. Kašparová
  • Function : Author
C. U. Keller
  • Function : Author
T. Kentischer
  • Function : Author
D. Kiselman
  • Function : Author
L. Kleint
  • Function : Author
M. Klvana
  • Function : Author
I. Kontogiannis
  • Function : Author
N. Krishnappa
  • Function : Author
A. Kučera
  • Function : Author
N. Labrosse
  • Function : Author
A. Lagg
  • Function : Author
E. Landi Degl'Innocenti
  • Function : Author
D. Laforgue
  • Function : Author
C. Le Men
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B. Lepori
  • Function : Author
F. Lepreti
  • Function : Author
B. Lindberg
  • Function : Author
P. B. Lilje
  • Function : Author
V. A. López Fernández
  • Function : Author
A. C. López Jiménez
  • Function : Author
R. López López
  • Function : Author
R. Manso Sainz
  • Function : Author
A. Marassi
  • Function : Author
J. Marco de la Rosa
  • Function : Author
J. Marino
  • Function : Author
J. Marrero
  • Function : Author
A. Martín
  • Function : Author
A. Martín Gálvez
  • Function : Author
Y. Martín Hernando
  • Function : Author
E. Masciadri
  • Function : Author
M. Martínez González
  • Function : Author
A. Matta-Gómez
  • Function : Author
A. Mato
  • Function : Author
M. Mathioudakis
  • Function : Author
S. Matthews
  • Function : Author
F. Merlos García
  • Function : Author
I. Montilla
  • Function : Author
M. Molinaro
  • Function : Author
G. Molodij
  • Function : Author
L. M. Montoya
  • Function : Author
M. Munari
  • Function : Author
M. Murabito
  • Function : Author
M. Núñez Cagigal
  • Function : Author
M. Oliviero
  • Function : Author
D. Orozco Suárez
  • Function : Author
A. Ortiz
  • Function : Author
C. Padilla-Hernández
  • Function : Author
E. Paéz Mañá
  • Function : Author
J. Pancorbo
  • Function : Author
A. Pastor Cañedo
  • Function : Author
A. Pastor Yabar
  • Function : Author
A. W. Peat
  • Function : Author
F. Pedichini
  • Function : Author
N. Peixinho
  • Function : Author
J. Peñate
  • Function : Author
A. Pérez de Taoro
  • Function : Author
H. Peter
  • Function : Author
K. Petrovay
  • Function : Author
R. Piazzesi
  • Function : Author
E. Pietropaolo
  • Function : Author
O. Pleier
  • Function : Author
S. Poedts
  • Function : Author
W. Pötzi
  • Function : Author
T. Podladchikova
  • Function : Author
G. Prieto
  • Function : Author
J. Quintero Nehrkorn
  • Function : Author
R. Ramelli
  • Function : Author
Y. Ramos Sapena
  • Function : Author
J. L. Rasilla
  • Function : Author
K. Reardon
  • Function : Author
R. Rebolo
  • Function : Author
S. Regalado Olivares
  • Function : Author
M. Reyes García-Talavera
  • Function : Author
T. L. Riethmüller
  • Function : Author
T. Rimmele
  • Function : Author
H. Rodríguez Delgado
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N. Rodríguez González
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J. A. Rodríguez-Losada
  • Function : Author
L. F. Rodríguez Ramos
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P. Romano
  • Function : Author
M. Roth
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L. Rouppe van der Voort
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P. Rudawy
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C. Ruiz de Galarreta
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J. Rybák
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A. Salvade
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J. Sánchez-Capuchino
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M. L. Sánchez Rodríguez
  • Function : Author
M. Sangiorgi
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G. Scharmer
  • Function : Author
T. Scheiffelen
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W. Schmidt
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C. Scirè
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S. Scuderi
  • Function : Author
B. Siegel
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M. Sigwarth
  • Function : Author
P. J. A. Simões
  • Function : Author
F. Snik
  • Function : Author
G. Sliepen
  • Function : Author
M. Sobotka
  • Function : Author
H. Socas-Navarro
  • Function : Author
P. Sola La Serna
  • Function : Author
S. K. Solanki
  • Function : Author
M. Soler Trujillo
  • Function : Author
D. Soltau
  • Function : Author
A. Sordini
  • Function : Author
A. Sosa Méndez
  • Function : Author
M. Stangalini
  • Function : Author
O. Steiner
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J. O. Stenflo
  • Function : Author
J. Štěpán
  • Function : Author
K. G. Strassmeier
  • Function : Author
D. Sudar
  • Function : Author
Y. Suematsu
  • Function : Author
P. Sütterlin
  • Function : Author
M. Tallon
M. Temmer
  • Function : Author
F. Tenegi
  • Function : Author
A. Tritschler
  • Function : Author
J. Trujillo Bueno
  • Function : Author
A. Turchi
  • Function : Author
D. Utz
  • Function : Author
G. van Harten
  • Function : Author
M. van Noort
  • Function : Author
T. van Werkhoven
  • Function : Author
R. Vansintjan
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J. J. Vaz Cedillo
  • Function : Author
N. Vega Reyes
  • Function : Author
M. Verma
  • Function : Author
A. M. Veronig
  • Function : Author
G. Viavattene
  • Function : Author
N. Vitas
  • Function : Author
A. Vögler
  • Function : Author
O. von der Lühe
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R. Volkmer
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T. A. Waldmann
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D. Walton
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A. Wisniewska
  • Function : Author
J. Zeman
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F. Zeuner
  • Function : Author
L. Q. Zhang
  • Function : Author
F. Zuccarello
  • Function : Author
M. Collados
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Abstract

The European Solar Telescope (EST) is a project aimed at studying the magnetic connectivity of the solar atmosphere, from the deep photosphere to the upper chromosphere. Its design combines the knowledge and expertise gathered by the European solar physics community during the construction and operation of state-of-the-art solar telescopes operating in visible and near-infrared wavelengths: the Swedish 1m Solar Telescope, the German Vacuum Tower Telescope and GREGOR, the French Télescope Héliographique pour l'Étude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires, and the Dutch Open Telescope. With its 4.2 m primary mirror and an open configuration, EST will become the most powerful European ground-based facility to study the Sun in the coming decades in the visible and near-infrared bands. EST uses the most innovative technological advances: the first adaptive secondary mirror ever used in a solar telescope, a complex multi-conjugate adaptive optics with deformable mirrors that form part of the optical design in a natural way, a polarimetrically compensated telescope design that eliminates the complex temporal variation and wavelength dependence of the telescope Mueller matrix, and an instrument suite containing several (etalon-based) tunable imaging spectropolarimeters and several integral field unit spectropolarimeters. This publication summarises some fundamental science questions that can be addressed with the telescope, together with a complete description of its major subsystems.
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insu-03849372 , version 1 (11-11-2022)

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C. Quintero Noda, R. Schlichenmaier, L. R. Bellot Rubio, M. G. Löfdahl, E. Khomenko, et al.. The European Solar Telescope. Astronomy and Astrophysics - A&A, 2022, 666, ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/202243867⟩. ⟨insu-03849372⟩
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