<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of insu-04087589</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-20T13:13:09+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Radiation Risk Assessment Associated With Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes for Commercial Flights</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">M.</forename>
                <surname>Pallu</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">a3c268de132b5c361bb92d38233bc772</email>
              <email type="domain">cnrs-orleans.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1125757</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2175772-1125757</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/269998667</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-4593</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-185533"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1004962"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Sebastien</forename>
                <surname>Celestin</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">67fce8188c5d0f6f03e05b0a526515a8</email>
              <email type="domain">psu.edu</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1027121</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2266766-1027121</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2220-3197</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-185533"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Francois</forename>
                <surname>Trompier</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">0540ab4833d1b6254f4963a1337cf4f2</email>
              <email type="domain">irsn.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">francois-trompier</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">184309</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">48261-184309</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-6572</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/19592083X</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=x3WWJQIAAAAJ</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-571205"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">M.</forename>
                <surname>Klerlein</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2424217-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-172689"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Nathalie</forename>
                <surname>POTHIER</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">bbadcf873be535d1d251be6425ad67be</email>
              <email type="domain">cnrs-orleans.fr</email>
            </editor>
            <funder>IRSN</funder>
            <funder>French Space Agency</funder>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2023-05-03 13:33:12</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-08-29 11:33:00</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2023-05-03 13:33:14</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2023-03-27</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2023-05-03</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://insu.hal.science/insu-04087589v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2023-05-03"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="greenPublisher" n="1" target="https://insu.hal.science/insu-04087589v1/file/JGR%20Atmospheres%20-%202023%20-%20Pallu%20-%20Radiation%20Risk%20Assessment%20Associated%20With%20Terrestrial%20Gamma%20Ray%20Flashes%20for%20Commercial.pdf" id="file-4087600-3558397">
                <date notBefore="2023-05-03"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="106505">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Nathalie</forename>
                  <surname>POTHIER</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">bbadcf873be535d1d251be6425ad67be</email>
                <email type="domain">cnrs-orleans.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">insu-04087589</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://insu.hal.science/insu-04087589</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">pallu:insu-04087589</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres&lt;/i&gt;, 2023, 128 (6), pp.e2022JD037569. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037569"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1029/2022JD037569&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2023, 128 (6), pp.e2022JD037569. &amp;#x27E8;10.1029/2022JD037569&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0 - Attribution<ref corresp="#file-4087600-3558397"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IN2P3">Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="OBSPM">Observatoire de Paris</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CEA">CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSU">INSU - Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRSN">Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire - IRSN</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="APC">AstroParticule et Cosmologie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-ORLEANS">Université d'Orléans</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNES">CNES - Centre national d'études spatiales</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="OSUC" corresp="INSU">Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LPC2E" corresp="OSUC">Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PSL">Université Paris sciences et lettres</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PARIS">Université Paris Cité</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIVERSITE-PARIS" corresp="UNIV-PARIS">Université Paris Cité</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UP-SCIENCES">Université Paris Cité - Faculté des Sciences</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="OBSPM-PSL" corresp="PSL">Observatoire de Paris - PSL</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PSESANTE">Pôle Santé Environnement - Direction Santé - ASNR/PSE-SANTE</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SDOS">Service de dosimétrie - ASNR/PSE-SANTE/SDOS</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LDRI">Laboratoire de dosimétrie des rayonnements ionisants - ASNR/PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LDRI</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GTR-D3P16-IRSN">GTR IRSN - Santé Environnement (D3P16)</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ASNR">Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire et de Radioprotection</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Radiation Risk Assessment Associated With Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes for Commercial Flights</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">M.</forename>
                    <surname>Pallu</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">a3c268de132b5c361bb92d38233bc772</email>
                  <email type="domain">cnrs-orleans.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1125757</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2175772-1125757</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/269998667</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-4593</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-185533"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1004962"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Sebastien</forename>
                    <surname>Celestin</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">67fce8188c5d0f6f03e05b0a526515a8</email>
                  <email type="domain">psu.edu</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1027121</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2266766-1027121</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2220-3197</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-185533"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Francois</forename>
                    <surname>Trompier</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">0540ab4833d1b6254f4963a1337cf4f2</email>
                  <email type="domain">irsn.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">francois-trompier</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">184309</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">48261-184309</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-6572</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/19592083X</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=x3WWJQIAAAAJ</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-571205"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">M.</forename>
                    <surname>Klerlein</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2424217-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-172689"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">102531</idno>
                <idno type="issn">2169-897X</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">2169-8996</idno>
                <title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>American Geophysical Union</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">128</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">e2022JD037569</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2023-03-27</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="bibcode">2023JGRD..12837569P</idno>
              <idno type="doi">10.1029/2022JD037569</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">radiation exposure</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Earth Science</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">radiation risk</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">thunderstorm</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">lightning</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">dose</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">terrestrial gamma ray flashes</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdu">Sciences of the Universe [physics]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) are bursts of high-energy photons produced in thunderstorms. Photons are produced by bremsstrahlung from high-energy electrons, gaining energy through the electric field in the thunderstorm. Both electrons and photons are ionizing radiation and could have an impact on the radiation exposure of commercial aircrews and passengers. Previous works from Dwyer et al. (2010) and Pallu et al. (2021) have quantified doses possibly delivered by TGFs. They showed that the photon doses are sufficiently low so as not to be taken into account in the calculation of the radiation doses received during flights. However, electrons could deliver high doses up to 1 Sv, though in a compact area around the TGF source. In this work, we estimate an upper bound of the probability for a commercial flight to find itself in the electron beam of a TGF. Using the first Fermi-Gamma ray Burst Monitor TGF catalog and both simulated routes between airports as a first step and real flight routes from Air France airline for 2.5 years as a second step, we show that the probability is lower than one aircraft hit every 2 years for the total air traffic. Knowing that we did not take into account altitudes and the fact that pilots usually avoid thunderstorms, it is likely that no aircraft would have been hit by the source of a TGF since the beginning of the commercial aviation.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-185533" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">167915916</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000406235273</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201220223J</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/049k66y27</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q15967014</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LPC2E</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>3A, Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique 45071 Orléans cedex 2</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.lpc2e.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR7328" active="#struct-300045" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300297" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7328" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7328" active="#struct-458369" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1004962" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">18177688X</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200512546V</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03tnjrr49</idno>
          <orgName>AstroParticule et Cosmologie</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">APC (UMR_7164)</orgName>
          <date type="start">2020-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>APC - UMR 7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, case postale 7020, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://apc.u-paris.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="DRF/IRFU" active="#struct-300016" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300046" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300055" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UAR2201" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR7164" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR_7164" active="#struct-557826" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-571205" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">278829600</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire de dosimétrie des rayonnements ionisants</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LDRI</orgName>
          <date type="start">2017-07-01</date>
          <date type="end">2024-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>F-92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-572757" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300040" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-172689" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Air France KLM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.airfranceklm.com/fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-343678" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">029349265</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2154 1736</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04kdfz702</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q3152437</idno>
          <orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.insu.cnrs.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300297" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026402971</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2158 1666</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/014zrew76</idno>
          <orgName>Université d'Orléans</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UO</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Château de la Source - Avenue du Parc Floral - BP 6749 - 45067 Orléans cedex 2</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-orleans.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-458369" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04h1h0y33</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNES</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Siège social : 2 place Maurice Quentin, 75039 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://cnes.fr/fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300016" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026372061</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122998025</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00jjx8s55</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q868550</idno>
          <orgName>Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CEA</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Centre de SaclayCentre de GrenobleCentre de Cadaracheetc</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.cea.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300046" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">028227875</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000106643574</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03fd77x13</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IN2P3</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE3 rue Michel-Ange75794 PARIS CEDEX 16 - France</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://in2p3.cnrs.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300055" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026550520</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">000000040475642X</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200610854B</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/029nkcm90</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q461340</idno>
          <orgName>Observatoire de Paris</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>61 Av de l'Observatoire 75014 PARIS</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.obspm.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UAR2201" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-564132" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">241597595</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 1784 3645</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/013cjyk83</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris Sciences et Lettres</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">PSL</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>60 rue Mazarine 75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.psl.eu/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-557826" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">236453505</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 7885 7602</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05f82e368</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris Cité</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UPCité</orgName>
          <date type="start">2020-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>85 boulevard Saint-Germain75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://u-paris.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-572757" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">280817436</idno>
          <orgName>Service de dosimétrie</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SDOS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2017-07-01</date>
          <date type="end">2024-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>F-92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-300040" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300040" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">080712339</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01ha22c77</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q1502878</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRSN</orgName>
          <date type="start">2002-02-26</date>
          <date type="end">2024-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>F-92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.irsn.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-343678" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Air France KLM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>