Line Emission Mapper (LEM): Probing the physics of cosmic ecosystems
Ralph Kraft
(1)
,
Maxim Markevitch
(2)
,
Caroline Kilbourne
(2)
,
Joseph Adams
(2)
,
Hiroki Akamatsu
(3)
,
Mohammadreza Ayromlou
(4)
,
Simon Bandler
(2)
,
Marco Barbera
(5, 6)
,
Douglas Bennett
(7)
,
Anil Bhardwaj
(8)
,
Veronica Biffi
(9)
,
Dennis Bodewits
(10)
,
Akos Bogdan
(1)
,
Massimiliano Bonamente
(11)
,
Stefano Borgani
(9)
,
Graziella Branduardi-Raymont
(12)
,
Joel Bregman
(13)
,
Joseph Burchett
(14)
,
Jenna Cann
(2)
,
Jenny Carter
(15)
,
Priyanka Chakraborty
(1)
,
Eugene Churazov
(16, 17)
,
Robert Crain
(18)
,
Renata Cumbee
(2)
,
Romeel Dave
(19)
,
Michael Dipirro
(2)
,
Klaus Dolag
(20)
,
W. Bertrand Doriese
(7)
,
Jeremy Drake
(1)
,
William Dunn
(12)
,
Megan Eckart
(21)
,
Dominique Eckert
(22)
,
Stefano Ettori
(23)
,
William Forman
(1)
,
Massimiliano Galeazzi
(24)
,
Amy Gall
(1)
,
Efrain Gatuzz
(25)
,
Natalie Hell
(21)
,
Edmund Hodges-Kluck
(2)
,
Caitriona Jackman
(26)
,
Amir Jahromi
(2)
,
Fred Jennings
(19)
,
Christine Jones
(1)
,
Philip Kaaret
(27)
,
Patrick Kavanagh
(26)
,
Richard Kelley
(2)
,
Ildar Khabibullin
(20, 16)
,
Chang-Goo Kim
(28)
,
Dimitra Koutroumpa
(29)
,
Orsolya Kovacs
(30)
,
K. Kuntz
(31)
,
Erwin Lau
(1)
,
Shiu-Hang Lee
(32)
,
Maurice Leutenegger
(2)
,
Sheng-Chieh Lin
(33)
,
Carey Lisse
(34)
,
Ugo Lo Cicero
(6)
,
Lorenzo Lovisari
(1, 23)
,
Dan Mccammon
(35)
,
Sean Mcentee
(26)
,
Francois Mernier
(2, 36)
,
Eric Miller
(37)
,
Daisuke Nagai
(38)
,
Michela Negro
(39, 2)
,
Dylan Nelson
(4)
,
Jan-Uwe Ness
(40)
,
Paul Nulsen
(1)
,
Anna Ogorzalek
(2, 36)
,
Benjamin Oppenheimer
(41)
,
Lidia Oskinova
(42)
,
Daniel Patnaude
(1)
,
Ryan Pfeifle
(2)
,
Annalisa Pillepich
(43)
,
Paul Plucinsky
(2)
,
David Pooley
(44)
,
Frederick Porter
(2)
,
Scott Randall
(1)
,
Elena Rasia
(9)
,
John Raymond
(1)
,
Mateusz Ruszkowski
(13, 19)
,
Kazuhiro Sakai
(2)
,
Arnab Sarkar
(45)
,
Manami Sasaki
(46)
,
Kosuke Sato
(47)
,
Gerrit Schellenberger
(1)
,
Joop Schaye
(48)
,
Aurora Simionescu
(3, 48, 49)
,
Stephen Smith
(2)
,
James Steiner
(1)
,
Jonathan Stern
(50)
,
Yuanyuan Su
(33)
,
Ming Sun
(11)
,
Grant Tremblay
(1)
,
Nhut Truong
(43)
,
James Tutt
(51)
,
Eugenio Ursino
(52)
,
Sylvain Veilleux
(36)
,
Alexey Vikhlinin
(1)
,
Stephan Vladutescu-Zopp
(20)
,
Mark Vogelsberger
(37)
,
Stephen Walker
(11)
,
Kimberly Weaver
(2)
,
Dale Weigt
(26)
,
Jessica Werk
(53)
,
Norbert Werner
(30)
,
Scott Wolk
(1)
,
Congyao Zhang
(54)
,
William Zhang
(2)
,
Irina Zhuravleva
(54)
,
John Zuhone
(1)
1
CfA -
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
2 GSFC - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
3 SRON - SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
4 Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University
5 Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo
6 OAPa - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo
7 NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology [Boulder]
8 PRL - Physical Research Laboratory [Ahmedabad]
9 OAT - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
10 AU - Auburn University
11 UAH - University of Alabama in Huntsville
12 UCL - University College of London [London]
13 University of Michigan [Ann Arbor]
14 New Mexico State University
15 University of Leicester
16 MPA - Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik
17 IKI - Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
18 LJMU - Liverpool John Moores University
19 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
20 LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich]
21 LLNL - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
22 UNIGE - Université de Genève = University of Geneva
23 OABO - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna
24 University of Miami
25 MPE - Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik
26 DIAS - Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
27 University of Iowa [Iowa City]
28 Princeton University
29 HELIOS - LATMOS
30 MUNI - Masaryk University [Brno]
31 JHU - Johns Hopkins University
32 Kyoto University
33 UK - University of Kentucky
34 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
35 University of Wisconsin-Madison
36 University of Maryland [College Park]
37 MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
38 Yale University [New Haven]
39 University of Maryland [Baltimore]
40 ESA - Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency
41 University of Colorado [Boulder]
42 University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam
43 MPIA - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
44 Trinity University
45 Massachusetts Maritime Academy
46 FAU - Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg = University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
47 Saitama University
48 Universiteit Leiden = Leiden University
49 Tokyo University of Science [Tokyo]
50 TAU - Tel Aviv University
51 Penn State - Pennsylvania State University
52 Purdue University [West Lafayette]
53 Department of Astronomy [Seattle]
54 University of Chicago
2 GSFC - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
3 SRON - SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
4 Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University
5 Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo
6 OAPa - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo
7 NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology [Boulder]
8 PRL - Physical Research Laboratory [Ahmedabad]
9 OAT - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
10 AU - Auburn University
11 UAH - University of Alabama in Huntsville
12 UCL - University College of London [London]
13 University of Michigan [Ann Arbor]
14 New Mexico State University
15 University of Leicester
16 MPA - Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik
17 IKI - Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
18 LJMU - Liverpool John Moores University
19 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
20 LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich]
21 LLNL - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
22 UNIGE - Université de Genève = University of Geneva
23 OABO - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna
24 University of Miami
25 MPE - Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik
26 DIAS - Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
27 University of Iowa [Iowa City]
28 Princeton University
29 HELIOS - LATMOS
30 MUNI - Masaryk University [Brno]
31 JHU - Johns Hopkins University
32 Kyoto University
33 UK - University of Kentucky
34 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
35 University of Wisconsin-Madison
36 University of Maryland [College Park]
37 MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
38 Yale University [New Haven]
39 University of Maryland [Baltimore]
40 ESA - Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency
41 University of Colorado [Boulder]
42 University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam
43 MPIA - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
44 Trinity University
45 Massachusetts Maritime Academy
46 FAU - Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg = University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
47 Saitama University
48 Universiteit Leiden = Leiden University
49 Tokyo University of Science [Tokyo]
50 TAU - Tel Aviv University
51 Penn State - Pennsylvania State University
52 Purdue University [West Lafayette]
53 Department of Astronomy [Seattle]
54 University of Chicago
Dimitra Koutroumpa
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 176455
- IdHAL : dimitra-koutroumpa
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5716-3412
Résumé
The Line Emission Mapper (LEM) is an X-ray Probe for the 2030s that will answer the outstanding questions of the Universe's structure formation. It will also provide transformative new observing capabilities for every area of astrophysics, and to heliophysics and planetary physics as well. LEM's main goal is a comprehensive look at the physics of galaxy formation, including stellar and black-hole feedback and flows of baryonic matter into and out of galaxies. These processes are best studied in X-rays, and emission-line mapping is the pressing need in this area. LEM will use a large microcalorimeter array/IFU, covering a 30x30' field with 10" angular resolution, to map the soft X-ray line emission from objects that constitute galactic ecosystems. These include supernova remnants, star-forming regions, superbubbles, galactic outflows (such as the Fermi/eROSITA bubbles in the Milky Way and their analogs in other galaxies), the Circumgalactic Medium in the Milky Way and other galaxies, and the Intergalactic Medium at the outskirts and beyond the confines of galaxies and clusters. LEM's 1-2 eV spectral resolution in the 0.2-2 keV band will make it possible to disentangle the faintest emission lines in those objects from the bright Milky Way foreground, providing groundbreaking measurements of the physics of these plasmas, from temperatures, densities, chemical composition to gas dynamics. While LEM's main focus is on galaxy formation, it will provide transformative capability for all classes of astrophysical objects, from the Earth's magnetosphere, planets and comets to the interstellar medium and X-ray binaries in nearby galaxies, AGN, and cooling gas in galaxy clusters. In addition to pointed observations, LEM will perform a shallow all-sky survey that will dramatically expand the discovery space.
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