Overview: quasi-Lagrangian observations of Arctic air mass transformations – introduction and initial results of the HALO–(AC)3 aircraft campaign
Manfred Wendisch
(1)
,
Susanne Crewell
(2)
,
André Ehrlich
(1)
,
Andreas Herber
(3)
,
Benjamin Kirbus
(1)
,
Christof Lüpkes
(3)
,
Mario Mech
(2)
,
Steven J Abel
(4)
,
Elisa F Akansu
(5)
,
Felix Ament
(6)
,
Clémantyne Aubry
(7, 8)
,
Sebastian Becker
(1)
,
Stephan Borrmann
(9, 10)
,
Heiko Bozem
(10)
,
Marlen Brückner
(1)
,
Hans-Christian Clemen
(9)
,
Sandro Dahlke
(3)
,
Georgios Dekoutsidis
(8)
,
Julien Delanoë
(7)
,
Elena De La Torre Castro
(8, 10, 11)
,
Henning Dorff
(6)
,
Régis Dupuy
(12)
,
Oliver Eppers
(9)
,
Florian Ewald
(8)
,
Geet George
(13, 14)
,
Irina V Gorodetskaya
(15)
,
Sarah Grawe
(5)
,
Silke Groß
(8)
,
Jörg Hartmann
(3, 16, 17)
,
Silvia Henning
(5)
,
Lutz Hirsch
(13)
,
Evelyn Jäkel
(1)
,
Philipp Joppe
(9, 10)
,
Olivier Jourdan
(12)
,
Zsofia Jurányi
(3)
,
Michail Karalis
(16, 17)
,
Mona Kellermann
(5)
,
Marcus Klingebiel
(1)
,
Michael Lonardi
(1, 18)
,
Johannes Lucke
(8, 11)
,
Anna Luebke
(1)
,
Maximilian Maahn
(1)
,
Nina Maherndl
(1)
,
Marion Maturilli
(3)
,
Bernhard Mayer
(19)
,
Johanna Mayer
(8)
,
Stephan Mertes
(5)
,
Janosch Michaelis
(3, 20)
,
Michel Michalkov
(5)
,
Guillaume Mioche
(12)
,
Manuel Moser
(8, 10)
,
Hanno Müller
(1)
,
Roel Neggers
(2)
,
Davide Ori
(2)
,
Daria Paul
(2)
,
Fiona Paulus
(2)
,
Christian Pilz
(5)
,
Felix Pithan
(3)
,
Mira Pöhlker
(5)
,
Veronika Pörtge
(19)
,
Maximilian Ringel
(6)
,
Nils Risse
(2)
,
Gregory C Roberts
(21)
,
Sophie Rosenburg
(1)
,
Johannes Röttenbacher
(1)
,
Janna Rückert
(22)
,
Michael Schäfer
(1)
,
Jonas Schaefer
(5)
,
Vera Schemann
(2)
,
Imke Schirmacher
(2)
,
Jörg Schmidt
(1)
,
Sebastian Schmidt
(23)
,
Johannes Schneider
(9)
,
Sabrina Schnitt
(2)
,
Anja Schwarz
(1)
,
Holger Siebert
(5)
,
Harald Sodemann
(24, 25)
,
Tim Sperzel
(1)
,
Gunnar Spreen
(22)
,
Bjorn Stevens
(13)
,
Frank Stratmann
(5)
,
Gunilla Svensson
(16, 17)
,
Christian Tatzelt
(5)
,
Thomas Tuch
(5)
,
Timo Vihma
(26)
,
Christiane Voigt
(8, 10)
,
Lea Volkmer
(19)
,
Andreas Walbröl
(2)
,
Anna Weber
(19)
,
Birgit Wehner
(5)
,
Bruno Wetzel
(5)
,
Martin Wirth
(8)
,
Tobias Zinner
(19)
1
LIM -
Leipziger Institut für Meteorologie
2 IGN - Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln]
3 AWI - Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung = Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research = Institut Alfred-Wegener pour la recherche polaire et marine
4 United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter]
5 TROPOS - Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung
6 Meteorologisches Institut [Hamburg]
7 SPACE - LATMOS
8 IPA - DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre = DLR Institute of Atmospheric Physics
9 Abteilung für Partikelchemie [Mainz]
10 IPA - Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre [Mainz]
11 Faculty of Aerospace Engineering [Delft]
12 LaMP - Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique
13 MPI-M - Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie
14 TU Delft - Delft University of Technology
15 CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar
16 MISU - Department of Meteorology [Stockholm]
17 Bolin Centre for Climate Research
18 EERL - Extreme Environments Research Laboratory
19 MIM - Meteorologisches Institut München
20 DWD - Deutscher Wetterdienst [Hamburg]
21 SIO - UC San Diego - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
22 IUP - Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen]
23 LASP - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder]
24 GFI / BiU - Geophysical Institute [Bergen]
25 BCCR - Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
26 FMI - Finnish Meteorological Institute
2 IGN - Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln]
3 AWI - Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung = Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research = Institut Alfred-Wegener pour la recherche polaire et marine
4 United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter]
5 TROPOS - Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung
6 Meteorologisches Institut [Hamburg]
7 SPACE - LATMOS
8 IPA - DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre = DLR Institute of Atmospheric Physics
9 Abteilung für Partikelchemie [Mainz]
10 IPA - Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre [Mainz]
11 Faculty of Aerospace Engineering [Delft]
12 LaMP - Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique
13 MPI-M - Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie
14 TU Delft - Delft University of Technology
15 CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar
16 MISU - Department of Meteorology [Stockholm]
17 Bolin Centre for Climate Research
18 EERL - Extreme Environments Research Laboratory
19 MIM - Meteorologisches Institut München
20 DWD - Deutscher Wetterdienst [Hamburg]
21 SIO - UC San Diego - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
22 IUP - Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen]
23 LASP - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder]
24 GFI / BiU - Geophysical Institute [Bergen]
25 BCCR - Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
26 FMI - Finnish Meteorological Institute
Clémantyne Aubry
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1421382
- ORCID : 0009-0006-6327-8415
- IdRef : 278530370
Régis Dupuy
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 20178
- IdHAL : regis-gil-dupuy
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5908-0699
- IdRef : 078005566
Olivier Jourdan
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 21759
- IdHAL : olivier-jourdan
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0890-3784
- IdRef : 075516594
Guillaume Mioche
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1331440
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1462-5277
Résumé
Global warming is amplified in the Arctic. However, numerical models struggle to represent key pro-
cesses that determine Arctic weather and climate. To collect data that help to constrain the models, the HALO–
(AC)3 aircraft campaign was conducted over the Norwegian and Greenland seas, the Fram Strait, and the central
Arctic Ocean in March and April 2022. The campaign focused on one specific challenge posed by the models,
namely the reasonable representation of transformations of air masses during their meridional transport into and
out of the Arctic via northward moist- and warm-air intrusions (WAIs) and southward marine cold-air outbreaks
(CAOs). Observations were made over areas of open ocean, the marginal sea ice zone, and the central Arctic
sea ice. Two low-flying and one long-range, high-altitude research aircraft were flown in colocated formation
whenever possible. To follow the air mass transformations, a quasi-Lagrangian flight strategy using trajectory
calculations was realized, enabling us to sample the same moving-air parcels twice along their trajectories. Seven
distinct WAI and 12 CAO cases were probed. From the quasi-Lagrangian measurements, we have quantified the
diabatic heating/cooling and moistening/drying of the transported air masses. During CAOs, maximum values
of 3 K h−1 warming and 0.3 g kg−1 h−1 moistening were obtained below 1 km altitude. From the observations of
WAIs, diabatic cooling rates of up to 0.4 K h−1 and a moisture loss of up to 0.1 g kg−1 h−1 from the ground to
about 5.5 km altitude were derived. Furthermore, the development of cloud macrophysical (cloud-top height and
horizontal cloud cover) and microphysical (liquid water path, precipitation, and ice index) properties along the
southward pathways of the air masses were documented during CAOs, and the moisture budget during a specific
WAI event was estimated. In addition, we discuss the statistical frequency of occurrence of the different thermo-
dynamic phases of Arctic low-level clouds, the interaction of Arctic cirrus clouds with sea ice and water vapor,
and the characteristics of microphysical and chemical properties of Arctic aerosol particles. Finally, we provide
a proof of concept to measure mesoscale divergence and subsidence in the Arctic using data from dropsondes
released during the flights.
Domaines
Climatologie| Origine | Fichiers éditeurs autorisés sur une archive ouverte |
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