CALIPSO and the field campaigns: a convergence of interest for the study of clouds and aerosols - INSU - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers
Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2024

CALIPSO and the field campaigns: a convergence of interest for the study of clouds and aerosols

Jacques Pelon
Cyrille Flamant
Gérard Ancellet
Julien Delanoë
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Anne Garnier
Damien Josset
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Guillaume Mioche
Nadège Montoux

Résumé

The study of the Earth's meteorological atmosphere by satellite took off in the 1970s. The first radiometric observations, however, provided very little vertical information until the more recent use of active sounders. This coincided, in the 1980s, with the scientific community becoming aware that better knowledge of cloud and aerosol properties and associated radiative forcing and interactions was necessary for numerical weather prediction and the study of the climate. This search was concretized by several major field experiments and the development of new active remote sensing systems implemented in stations, airborne, balloon-borne and space platforms (the Lidar In-space Technology Experiment was flown by NASA onboard the Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994). CALIPSO and CloudSat platforms carrying active sounders were integrated into a constellation of satellites (A-Train) led by the AQUA satellite in 2006. These satellites were placed in very close orbits allowing co-located and almost simultaneous observations. This technological breakthrough has enabled an unprecedented synergy for Earth observation. It is now clear that understanding climatic and meteorological processes on local to global scales requires instrumental synergy involving space-based resources, and more specifically lidar and radar observations. It has been shown that a combination of observations made by well-dimensioned ground-based networks and airborne measurements was essential to address process studies at various scales in field experiments. Such synergies have been developed in major international programs supported by France and the European community, often in collaboration with NASA. CALIPSO in the A-Train constellation was a key element of these observations not just for a validation need, but also to learn from each other and provide a scale extension. French expertise in the field of active remote sensing for atmospheric measurement was crucial in this approach, thanks to the development of new lidar and radar facilities and related synergetic exploitation algorithms, as supported by CNRS and CNES. We will present examples of the scientific results that have been made available to the international scientific community. The role of CALIPSO observations will be highlighted in different parts of the globe, namely in the Tropics with the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA), the Aerosol, Radiation and Clouds in southern Africa (AEROCLO-sA) or the Elucidating the Role of Clouds-Circulation Coupling in Climate (EUREC4A) programs, in the Mediterranean and in the Arctic, as well as at the global scale (via the exploitation of the synergetic products derived from the Lidar-Radar algorithms to constrain radiation budget). The observations notably made it possible to evolve the physics of the models leading to a reduction in radiative biases. The climatological database obtained between 2006 and 2023 on clouds and aerosols from CALIPSO and CloudSat now constitutes a reference for the long-term monitoring of clouds and aerosols and the study of remarkable or extreme phenomena involving aerosol-cloud-dynamics interaction process (cyclones, massive volcanic, dust or biomass burning aerosols transport across continents and oceans, megafires, etc...). These missions will serve as a reference for the next EarthCare mission (collaboration between the European Space Agency and the Japanese agency JAXA) and future ones

Domaines

Météorologie
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Dates et versions

insu-04599414 , version 1 (03-06-2024)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : insu-04599414 , version 1

Citer

Jacques Pelon, Patrick Chazette, Cyrille Flamant, Gérard Ancellet, Y. Blanchard, et al.. CALIPSO and the field campaigns: a convergence of interest for the study of clouds and aerosols. Calipso International Symposium on Spaceborne Lidar, Jun 2024, Saint Malo, France. ⟨insu-04599414⟩
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