A Survey of Protoplanetary Disks Using the Keck/NIRC2 Vortex Coronagraph - INSU - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers
Journal Articles The Astronomical Journal Year : 2024

A Survey of Protoplanetary Disks Using the Keck/NIRC2 Vortex Coronagraph

Nicole L. Wallack
  • Function : Author
Jean-Baptiste Ruffio
  • Function : Author
Garreth Ruane
  • Function : Author
Jerry W. Xuan
  • Function : Author
Marion Villenave
  • Function : Author
Dimitri Mawet
  • Function : Author
Karl Stapelfeldt
  • Function : Author
Jason J. Wang
  • Function : Author
Michael C. Liu
  • Function : Author
Olivier Absil
  • Function : Author
Carlos Alvarez
  • Function : Author
Jaehan Bae
  • Function : Author
Charlotte Bond
  • Function : Author
Michael Bottom
  • Function : Author
Benjamin Calvin
  • Function : Author
Élodie Choquet
Valentin Christiaens
  • Function : Author
Therese Cook
  • Function : Author
Bruno Femenía Castellá
  • Function : Author
Carlos Gomez Gonzalez
  • Function : Author
Greta Guidi
  • Function : Author
Joel Kastner
  • Function : Author
Heather A. Knutson
  • Function : Author
Tiffany Meshkat
  • Function : Author
Henry Ngo
  • Function : Author
Sam Ragland
  • Function : Author
Maddalena Reggiani
  • Function : Author
Luca Ricci
  • Function : Author
Eugene Serabyn
  • Function : Author
Taichi Uyama
  • Function : Author
Jonathan P. Williams
  • Function : Author
Peter Wizinowich
  • Function : Author
Zoe Zawol
  • Function : Author
Shangjia Zhang
  • Function : Author
Zhaohuan Zhu
  • Function : Author

Abstract

Recent Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of protoplanetary disks in the millimeter continuum have shown a variety of radial gaps, cavities, and spiral features. These substructures may be signposts for ongoing planet formation, and therefore these systems are promising targets for direct imaging planet searches in the near-infrared. To this end, we present results from a deep imaging survey in the band (3.8 μm) with the Keck/NIRC2 vortex coronagraph to search for young planets in 43 disks with resolved features in the millimeter continuum or evidence for gaps/central cavities from their spectral energy distributions. Although we do not detect any new point sources, using the vortex coronagraph allows for high sensitivity to faint sources at small angular separations (down to ∼0.″1), allowing us to place strong upper limits on the masses of potential gas giant planets. We compare our mass sensitivities to the masses of planets derived using ALMA observations, and while we are sensitive to ∼1 M Jup planets in the gaps in some of our systems, we are generally not sensitive to planets of the masses expected from the ALMA observations. In addition to placing upper limits on the masses of gas giant planets that could be interacting with the dust in the disks to form the observed millimeter substructures, we are also able to map the micron-sized dust as seen in scattered light for 8 of these systems. Our large sample of systems also allows us to investigate limits on planetary accretion rates and disk viscosities.
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insu-04726432 , version 1 (09-10-2024)

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Nicole L. Wallack, Jean-Baptiste Ruffio, Garreth Ruane, Bin B. Ren, Jerry W. Xuan, et al.. A Survey of Protoplanetary Disks Using the Keck/NIRC2 Vortex Coronagraph. The Astronomical Journal, 2024, 168, ⟨10.3847/1538-3881/ad390c⟩. ⟨insu-04726432⟩
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