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              <p>The Okavango Delta is a huge swamp confined within a graben generated by the propagation of the East AfricanRift through the Southern African plateau. The faults bordering this graben block the water flow and sedimenttransfer, forming an endoreic system, i.e. a hydrosystem cut off from the World Ocean: most of the water arrivingin the Delta disappears by evapotranspiration. The deformation context of the rift propagation is poorlyconstrained because of the outcrop conditions (flat country covered by sand): most of the works described thefault pattern with no or few data about motion along them, and by consequence the deformation pattern of thegraben is unknown. To fill this information gap, we have set up a network of semi-permanent GNSS (GPS)stations, complementing the permanent stations located on the ORI building and in Nxaraga camp site. Thekinematic analysis was done both at regional scales and at local scale. The regional scale considering stationslocated in Namibia (Rundu town) and in Zambia (Mungo town) highlight a main strike-slip component with rateof some mm/yr: a dominant horizontal displacement toward the Northeast, in contradiction with previous assumptions. The local Okavango network mainly located around the Delta confirms that the Okavango Grabenundergoes a right-lateral displacement with highest strain along one border of the graben, where most of theseismicity is located. The inner floor of the graben displays clockwise rotation generating local low intensitycompression. This deformation pattern is in accordance with the asymmetric 3D shape of the basin, previouslyproposed. The GNSS survey shows also important vertical displacements in centimeter range with twocomponents: one cyclic with an annual period and one linear at long-term. The cm-yearly signal is dominant andis correlated to the annual flood which induced changes in the vertical loading due to the arrival and thedisappearance of 10 km3 of water. The long-term component of the vertical signal is an order of magnitudesmaller than the cyclic signal, and has a rate of mm/yr, for a period of 15 years. The ground subsides with higherrates in the north-east, generating a regional tilt toward the Northeast. This tilting explains the progressive shift ofthe annual flood toward the north-east, as previously described. It causes some areas to dry up (around the lakeNgami) and other areas to become almost permanently flooded (Kwai area, for instance). Therefore, we advance atectonic origin the flood migration. The long-term consequence of the deformation could be the disappearance ofthe endoreism of the alluvial fan induced by the capture of water flowing at the mouth of the panhandle by theLinyanti and the Zambezi rivers. This drastic hydrological change will disrupt the ecosystem and impact thebiodiversity and the economic resources.</p>
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