Lake Boqueirão is located at 5°S latitude, on the Brazilian Atlantic coast, a region where the climate is directly influenced by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) displacements. Two cores were collected at different water depths based on a seismic survey. ²¹⁰Pb were measured in the top 20 cm and ¹⁴C all along the profiles. The two methods indicated very different results concerning ages and sedimentation rates of the sediment. Lake level changes has been reconstructed using granulometry, Total Organic Carbon, C/N, ¹³C, ¹⁵N and Rock Eval (Hydrogen Index (HI), Oxygen Index (OI)). These proxies indicate large variations of the lake levels during the last 3000 cal yrs BP. Moreover, a prolonged dryness occurred in Lake Boqueirão since 570 cal yrs BP, till the last decades. This event provoked a drying of the lake at the two sampling sites. This drying can explains why the ²¹⁰Pb method did not work in this lake probably due to an enrichment phenomenon of bare surfaces called " meteoric cap ". This dry phase corresponds to the Little Ice Age characterized by a cooler North Atlantic Ocean. These data indicate that the teleconnection pattern between tropical Atlantic, ENSO and Northeast Brazil rainfalls has changed in the past 3000 years.