Tourmalinisation in peraluminous granitic context : from experiment to thermodynamic modelling
Résumé
Tourmaline (XY3Z6[T6O18] [BO3]3 V3W) records the physico chemical conditions during its crystallisation. As its primary chemical zoning are generally unbalanced, its occurrence as an alteration product may be therefore used to decipher the physicochemical properties of mineralising fluids. However, the role of the tourmalinisation in hydrothermal processes remains little studied, if not poorly understood. The complexity of its thermodynamic properties is related to the presence of four cationic sites (X, Y, Z and T) allowing the accommodation of a wide variety of elements [1]. Moreover, the phenomena of deprotonation, Si-IVB and valence state, make the approach of solid solution properties complex [2]. Thus, thermodynamic properties are most often estimated [3,4] and only a few measurements have been carried out on a reduced number of near-endmembers crystals [5,6].
This study aims to investigate the stability field of the schorl (Na-Fe) – dravite (Na-Mg) solid solution using experimentation at 200 MPa total pressure between 400° and 600°C as a function of the boron content of the fluid and fO2 condition, using an internally heated gas apparatus. Those metasomatic experiments have been conducted on a mixture of natural crystals of cordierite + albite, representing a peraluminous granite composition in a Na-Mg-Fe-Al-Si-B-O-H system, characterised by a high-Mg and low-Fe content. These experiments were performed in order to simulate a classic aluminous host of these tourmaline alterations in granitic context.
The chemistry of the fibrous dravite – Mg-foitite ([]X-Mg) crystallised varies due to alkali-deficient and proton-deficient
substitutions, depending of the system conditions. Their stability varies from 4 wt% B2O3 at 600°C to 3 wt% B2O3 at 400°C, which is far higher than the few ppm required to produce tourmaline in thermochemical models. Hence the objective is to use those experimental results to characterize, in a P, T, W/R space, the tourmalinisation process in terms of alteration sequence and porosity variation.
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