Serpentinization is a hydrothermal transformation of ultramafic rocks which leads to metal mobility. The Ronda peridotite Massif (Andalusia, Spain) represents the largest body of subcontinental peridotites exposed at the Earth’s surface. No comprehensive work on serpentinization has been conducted so far, notably because most research has focussed on the high- temperature deformation and petrology of mantle rocks. In the Massif, serpentinization rate varies from a few percent to 100%. We identified three steps of serpentinization. The first one (lizardite 1) is pervasively developed within the peridotite with common mesh-texture. The second forms corridors of lizardite 2, chrysotile and magnetite. The third is associated with cataclasis and consists of polygonal serpentine veins (plus minor chrysotile) and magnetite. Structural analysis allows identifying a regional tectonic context for the cataclasis-associated serpentinization which corresponds to a multi-directional horizontal stretching and vertical shortening direction (i.e. near pure flattening). The different stages of serpentinization show comparable isotopic compositions, with d18O values of ~ +5.0‰ and dD of ~ -79‰, suggesting that they were developed under sub-identical conditions of fluid-rock interactions (fluid sources, temperature of formation and fluid/rock ratio). This study provides the framework in which metals can be mobilized during serpentinization.