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Article Dans Une Revue The Astrophysical journal letters Année : 2023

COSMOS2020: Discovery of a Protocluster of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z = 2.77

Kei Ito
  • Fonction : Auteur
Masayuki Tanaka
  • Fonction : Auteur
Francesco Valentino
  • Fonction : Auteur
Sune Toft
  • Fonction : Auteur
Gabriel Brammer
  • Fonction : Auteur
Katriona M. L. Gould
  • Fonction : Auteur
Nobunari Kashikawa
  • Fonction : Auteur
Mariko Kubo
  • Fonction : Auteur
Yongming Liang
  • Fonction : Auteur
John R. Weaver
  • Fonction : Auteur

Résumé

Protoclusters of galaxies have been found in the last quarter-century. However, most of them have been found through the overdensity of star-forming galaxies, and there have been no known structures identified by more than two spectroscopically confirmed quiescent galaxies at z > 2.5. In this letter, we report the discovery of an overdense structure of massive quiescent galaxies with the spectroscopic redshift z = 2.77 in the COSMOS field, QO-1000. We first photometrically identify this structure as a 4.2σ overdensity with 14 quiescent galaxies in 7 × 4 pMpc2 from the COSMOS2020 catalog. We then securely confirm the spectroscopic redshifts of four quiescent galaxies by detecting multiple Balmer absorption lines with Keck/MOSFIRE. All the spectroscopically confirmed members are massive ( $\mathrm{log}({M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }) 11.0$ ) and located in a narrow redshift range (2.76 < z < 2.79). Moreover, three of them are in the 1 × 1 pMpc2 in the transverse direction at the same redshift (z = 2.760-2.763). Such a concentration of four spectroscopically confirmed quiescent galaxies implies that QO-1000 is >68 times denser than the general field. In addition, we confirm that they form a red sequence in the J - K s color. This structure's halo mass is estimated as $\mathrm{log}({M}_{\mathrm{halo}}/{M}_{\odot }) 13.2$ from its stellar mass. Similar structures found in the IllustrisTNG simulation are expected to evolve into massive galaxy clusters with $\mathrm{log}({M}_{\mathrm{halo}}/{M}_{\odot })\geqslant 14.8$ at z = 0. These results suggest that QO-1000 is a more mature protocluster than the other known protoclusters. It is likely in a transition phase between star-forming protoclusters and quenched galaxy clusters.
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insu-04479100 , version 1 (03-03-2024)

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Kei Ito, Masayuki Tanaka, Francesco Valentino, Sune Toft, Gabriel Brammer, et al.. COSMOS2020: Discovery of a Protocluster of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z = 2.77. The Astrophysical journal letters, 2023, 945, ⟨10.3847/2041-8213/acb49b⟩. ⟨insu-04479100⟩
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