Rock-Eval pyrolysis, a widely used petroleum screening technique developed primarily for ancient sedimentary rocks and kerogens, has now been increasingly applied to the characterization of recent lacustrine or marine sediments. However, as illustrated by previous results from various authors and by the analysis of recent sediments from various areas, the thermally labile character of recent organic matter (OM), the presence of poorly crystallized mineral (e.g. carbonate) and the eventual presence of salts (NaCl, sulfate) might perturb the detection of the pyrolysis effluent. The aim here was to outline the problems generated by such perturbation and to demonstrate that specific operating conditions needed for proper analysis o frecent marine sediments. A modified Rock-Eval pyrolysis program, starting at lower temperature (180 °C) with a heating rate of 30 °C/min, is proposed as a standard mode for the analysis of recent OM in order to avoid misleading interpretation of Rock-Eval data and make possible the inter-comparison of results whatever the Rock-Eval device used.